Jammu & Kashmir

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History

The state of Jammu & Kashmir  which had earlier been under hindu rulers and muslim sultans,became part of mughal empire under akbar from 1586. After a period of afghan rule from 1756 it was annexed to the sikh kigdom of Punjab in 1819.In 1820 Ranjit singh made over the territory of Jammu of Gulab singh .After the decisive battle of sabraon ,in 1846,Kashmir also was made over to Gulab singh under the treaty of Amritsar. British supremacy was recognized until the Indian independence act 1947.When all state decided on accession to India or Pakistan. Kashmir asked for standstill agreement with both. Pakistan agreed but India desired further discussion with the government of Jammu & Kashmir state . In the mean time the state became the subject to armed attack from territory of Pakistan and the maharaja acceded to India on Oct 26,1947 ,by signing the instrument of Accession. India approach the UN in January 1948.India , Pakistan conflict were ended by ceasefire in January 1949 . Further conflict in 1965 was followed by the Tashkent declaration in January 1966.Following further hostilities between India and Pakistan a ceasefire came in to effect on December 17,1971 , followed by the shimla agreement in july,1972.Whereby the new line of control was delineated ,bilaterally through negotiation between India and Pakistan   came in to force on December 17,1972 .Out of area 2,22,236 Sq Km 78,114 Sq Km is under illegal occupation of Pakistan and 5180 Sq Km illegally handed over by Pakistan to china and 37,555 Sq Km is under illegal occupation of china

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